突末端。神经元胞质自胞体向轴突远端流动,同时从轴突远端也向胞体流动。这种方向不同、快慢不一的轴质双向流动称为轴突运输。从胞体向轴突远端的运输,由于运输方向与轴质流动的方向一致故称为倾向运输,这种运输有快慢之分:快速运输,??????其速度为每天1~4mm,主要是将神经元胞体合成的蛋白质,不断地向轴突末端流动,以更新轴质的基质、神经丝以及微管等结构蛋白质。逆向运输??????这种运输主要是由多泡体实现。多泡体是一个大泡内含许多小泡,小泡内分别含有代谢产物或摄入的神经营养因子。代谢产物被逆向运输至胞体后,经溶酶体的作用,可分解消化更新,神经营养因子到胞体后,??????轴突运输是神经元内各种细胞器生理功能的重要体现??????”
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